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GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
(GNP)
A measure of a nation's aggregate economic output. Since 1991 GDP, a slightly different calculation, has replaced
GNP as a measure of U.S. economic output.
GUARANTEED
LOAN
A loan made and serviced by a lending institution under agreement that a governmental agency will purchase the
guaranteed portion if the borrower defaults.
HARDWARE
A term used to describe the mechanical, electrical, and electronic elements of a data processing
system.
HAZARD
INSURANCE
Insurance required showing lender as loss payee covering certain risks on real and personal property used for
securing loans.
INCUBATOR
A facility designed to encourage entrepreneurship and minimize obstacles to new business formation and growth,
particularly for high technology firms, by housing a number of fledgling enterprises that share an array of
services. These shared services may include meeting areas, secretarial services, accounting services, research
libraries, on-site financial and management counseling, and word processing facilities.
INDEPENDENT AND QUALIFIED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTANTS
Public accountants are independent when neither they nor any of their family have a material, direct, or indirect
financial interest in the borrower other than as an accountant. They are qualified, unless there is contrary
evidence, when they are either (1) certified, licensed, or otherwise registered if so required by the state in
which they work, or (2) have worked as a public accountant for at least five years and are accepted by
SBA.
INDUSTRIAL REVENUE BOND
(IRB)
A tax-exempt bond issued by a
state or local government agency to finance industrial or commercial projects that serve a public good. The bond
usually is not backed by the full faith and credit of the government that issues it, but is repaid solely from
the revenues of the project and requires a private sector commitment for repayment.
INNOVATION
Introduction of a new idea into the marketplace in the form of a new product or service or an improvement in
organization or process.
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